Food as a Metaphor for Unexpressed Emotions in Like Water...

Food as a Metaphor for Unexpressed Emotions in Like Water for Chocolate An oppressed soul finds means to escape through the preparation of food in the novel, Like Water for Chocolate (1992). Written by Laura Esquivel, the story is set in revolutionary Mexico at the turn of the century. Tita, the young heroine, is living on her family’s ranch with her two older sisters, her overbearing mother, and Nacha, the family cook and Tita’s surrogate mother. At a very young age, Tita is instilled with a deep love for food for Tita, the joy of living was wrapped up in the delights of food (7). The sudden death of Titas father, left Titas mothers unable to nurse the infant Tita due to shock and grief. Therefore Nacha, who [knows]†¦show more content†¦Pedro does become engaged to Rosaura, because, as he tells his father when they are leaving the ranch, When youre told theres no way you can marry the woman you love and your only hope of being near to her is to marry her sister, wouldnt you do the same? (15). It is during Pedro and Rosauras weddin g reception that Titas feelings first become apparent through the magic of her cooking. Mama Elena, sensing Titas reluctance to participate in her sisters upcoming wedding, warns her, I wont stand for disobedience... nor am I going to allow you to ruin your sisters wedding, with you acting like the victim. Youre in charge of all the preparations starting now, and dont ever let me catch you with a single tear or even a long face, do you hear? (27). At the wedding party the following day, although Tita keeps a perfectly calm demeanor, her true feelings about her sisters marriage to Pedro are revealed in the guests first bite of the Chabela wedding cake. The moment [the guests] took their first bite of the cake, everyone was flooded with a great wave of longing... [T]he weeping was just the first symptom of a strange intoxication that seized the guests (39), all but Tita, on whom the cake had no effect. The author uses the cakes effect on the guests to reveal first, Titas grief over her loss of love through the guests uncontrollable weeping and second, her disgust over her sister and PedrosShow MoreRelatedCoaching Salespeople Into Sales Champions110684 Words   |  443 Pagestaping, Greg, the sales manager, approached me with some follow-up questions that surfaced after his coaching experience. He was an enthusiastic, compassionate, and admirable manager who was truly committed to leading his team to greater success. Yet, like most managers, he was never formally trained to be a sales manager. After observing my successful coaching session with his two salespeople, his eyes were wide with excitement. The problems that his salespeople had been struggling with for months which

Implication Of Hand Hygeine Compliance Program. How Can We Make It

Essays on Implication Of Hand Hygeine Compliance Program. How Can We Make It Better Term Paper Hand Hygiene Compliance Program: Implications and Ways of Improvement Hand Hygiene Compliance Program: Implications and Ways of Improvement For a long time, hand hygiene among health care workers is pivotal in preventing transmission of infectious agents but despite a Center for Disease Control joint commission requirement on hand hygiene guidelines implemented in hospitals, compliance among health care workers remains low. According to studies, that hospitals may best improve compliance by assessing the barriers to, measuring the rates of compliance, educating staff on the importance of hand hygiene, making sanitizing products more available for staff use, and holding staff accountable. The CDC’s latest guideline includes two major new recommendations: 1. Health care workers should use alcohol-based hand sanitizers for routine hand disinfection when hands are visibly soiled, and 2. Health care facilities should establish ongoing monitoring programs for hand hygiene compliance (Haas and Larson, 2008). Medline’s Hand Hygiene Compliance Program which addresses the primary defense against healthcare-acquired conditions, includes an intensive education module developed by an expert panel of professionals which provides health care workers with tools, education and awareness of proper hand hygiene to increase compliance rates and decrease spread of infection. Among the free benefits of this program is an online educational program with modules and interactive competencies, an access to 200+ free CE Credits Experience additional online education from their university ( including access to over two hundred courses that include CE credits), and a Facility Awareness and Tools Placards to promote proper hand hygiene to staff members, patients and visitors. Direct observation cannot be considered a gold standard for assessing hand hygiene, because there was no relationship between observed adherence and number of dispensing episodes or the used product volum e (Medline, 2012).Use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers has increased the convenience of hand hygiene and made it less time-consuming since sinks become less needed and dispensers are small and accessible at every stage of patient care (some dispensers can be worn or carried in a pocket). An observational study in two ICUs by Earl, etc. established that availability of alcohol-based hand sanitizers "resulted in a sustained increase in hand antisepsis rates among health care workers." Boyce and colleagues compared the effects of either using an alcohol-based sanitizer or washing hands with the hospitals unmedicated soap and found out that the former was less damaging to nurses skin (Earl et al., 2001).In an observational study in Geneva, Switzerland, Pittet and colleagues measured the rates of hand hygiene compliance before and during a hand hygiene improvement program implementation. The program has increased compliance rates from 48% to 66% in three years and significantly decreased the number of hospital-acquired infections. 11,17. The multidisciplinary and multifaceted promotion involved the display of color posters in 250 hospital locations being collaborated by Health care workers whose ideas (i.e. hand hygiene, hospital-acquired infections, and protecting hands with creams, etc.) were translated by an artist into cartoon-like messages. The program also prioritized the increase of availability of alcohol-based hand sanitizer bottles at each bedside and also provided pocket-sized bottles to staff. Hand hygiene convenience also increased upon enhancement of the accessibility of hand sanitizers (Pittet et al., 1999; Pittet et al., 2000).The most important factor in the program’s success may be due to the administrative hospital-wide prioritization, some funding, encouraging the participation of senior staff, and voicing support for the program. Improving compliance for hand hygiene requires leadership, collaboration, accessibility of hand hygiene produ cts, feedback on compliance and infection rates, and individual accountability.ReferencesEarl, M.L., et al. (2001). Improved rates of compliance with hand antisepsis guidelines: a three-phase observational study. Am J Nurs, 101(3), 26-33.Haas, J.P. and Larson, E.L. (2008). Compliance with hand hygiene guidelines: where are we in 2008? American Journal of Nursing, 108(8), 40 – 44.Medline (2012). Hand hygiene compliance program. Retrieved September 25, 2012, from http://www.medline.com/programs/hand-hygiene-compliance-program/Pittet, D., et al. (1999). Compliance with hand washing in a teaching hospital: infection control program. Ann Intern Med, 130(2), 126-30. Pittet D, et al. (2000). Effectiveness of a hospital-wide program to improve compliance with hand hygiene: infection control program. Lancet, 356 (9238), 1307-12.

Future Indigenous Land Under Native Title -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Future Indigenous Land Under Native Title? Answer: Introduction The Mabo v Queensland (No 2) case is considered as one of the most remarkable decision in the history of Australia regarding the native title. Before the Mabo case, the Australian law did not recognise the native title due to the doctrine of terra nullius. The high court demolished the doctrine of terra nullius and identified the native title of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples because they were living on Australian lands before the British arrive. This case is significant for the Islander peoples of Australia because it allows them to establish their right over traditional lands. This report will focus on analysing the facts and decision of Mabo v Queensland (No 2) [1992] HCA 23 case, and its influence over the Australian legislative system. Further, the report will include shortfalls of legal policies regarding native title and evaluate the future of the native title. The key issue, in this case, was the application of the doctrine of terra nullius over Australian legal system, which stops Aboriginal and Islander peoples from claiming their traditional lands in Australia and having a native title. Facts The doctrine of terra nullius applies to the Australian legal system which provides that the English law will apply to the uncivilised and barren lands. This principle limits the land rights Aboriginal and islander people over Australia. Eddie Mabo was a Torres Strait Islander, once he was giving as speech explaining the land rights of Aboriginal peoples when a lawyer told him to file a suit regarding such situation in the court. Eddie Mabo, David Passi and James Rice file a lawsuit in 1982 in reaction to the Queensland Amendment Act 1982, which institute a system for giving land grants to Aboriginal peoples. Barbara Hocking was a Melbourne solicitor; she presented a paper stating that a suit should be brought in the court regarding native title right of Indigenous peoples (OkaforIgwe 2009). The action was filed as a test case to recognise the right of native over the island of Mer, Dauar, and Waier. The islander people have an economy based on agriculture and fishing, and the lands were divided according to the ownership of peoples. In Mabo v Queensland (No 1) (1988) case, the high court provided that the laws were conflicting to the Racial Discrimination Act 1975. The plaintiff argued for a possessory title to the land of Aboriginal peoples; the defendant claimed that such territory is a part of the settled colony, as per the law of England (Loos and Mabo 2013). Judgement There were five judgements provided by five judges based upon the finding of Justice Moynihan, which shows the strong relationship between Aboriginal people with their islands. Before the British arrive, native people were living in the lands for more than 40 to 60 thousand years into an advanced economy based on farming and fishing. On 3rd June 1992, the high court decided that principle of terra nullius should not apply to the Australia because it applies to barren or uncivilised lands. The court provided that Aboriginal peoples have land right in the Torre Strait Islands, and there can claim their title over the areas by proving their ownership (Strelein and Tran 2013). Further, the court established the native title of Aboriginal peoples, which acknowledged the land right of Indigenous people through Australian legislative system. The government passes the Native Title Act 1993 for legally establishing the interest of Aboriginal people over Australian lands (Council 2015). Impact of Mabo Decision Following are five crucial problems of significance to legal precedent in the Mabo decision based on the recognition of Aboriginal peoples rights in Australian legislative system (Bauman and Glick 2012): Studying the implications of Australias legislative system. Applying the policies regarding non-discriminating use of land privileges. Clarifying the method of Crowns sovergin radical claim. Recognising native title and providing the right to Aboriginal cutoms. Determining the governments ability to exitingues the privileges of native title. The Native Title Act Due to the Mabo decision, the government passed the Native Title Act 1993 (Cth), which was focused on following four objectives: Recognising the native titles of Aboriginal peoples and protecting them against other policies of Australian legislative policies. Establishing the method for the proceeding of future dealings, which affects the native title of Indigenous peoples and providing pre-determined standards for those transactions. Establishment of a proper mechanism that recognises the land claims of Indigenous peoples. To provide for, or permit, the authentication of previous regulations, and transitional periods laws, annulment because of the establishment of the native title. At the same time, the Western Australian government wanted to obstruct the Commonwealth by establishing their regulations which extinguish any title provided to the Aboriginal peoples in their state. They decided to replace the native title with traditional land use legislative access right which applies to the western Australian lands. Both the regulation of Western Australian government and Commonwealth were challenged in the high court regarding their validity. The high court provided in the 1995 Native Title Act case that the regulations of Commonwealth are valid and the legislation of Western Australian government is inconsistent with them hence invalid (Keenan 2014). Drawback in Current Legislative System Regarding Native Title According to Korff (2017), there are several issues in the Native title legislation which challenges the Aboriginal peoples while claiming their native titles such as financial requirement, bias procedure, long process and much more. Following are few of the primary shortcomings of the legislative system. Proving On-going Connection As per the Native title act, the Aboriginal peoples have to establish their on-going connection to the lands they claim ownership over; many of the communities find it difficult to justify the relationship mainly due to urbanisation or growth because they extinguish native titles. The regulations require a high level of evidence from Indigenous communities which is difficult due to lack of availability of expertise (Storey 2012). Mining Corporations For the development of industrial sector, the government makes rules which are biased towards mining corporations. For example, in 2010 the Western Australian government issued a native regarding the acquisition of land from tradition owner to provide such property for mining purpose. Adani is one of the largest mining organisation from India, and in 2017 they decided to establish the biggest open-cut mine in Queensland. The company sought $1 billion loans from the government to fund a railway line and recruited a regulation for avoiding the adverse native title decision from the federal court (Brigg, Quiggin and Lyons 2017). Overlapping of Native Titles There are hundreds of native parties in Australia which is divided into various separate groups, most of such groups did not interact with each other or remain in dispute with one another. Due to the native title, the conflict between such parties has grown considerably. As per Boyle (2014), in 2008, more than 45 percent to individuals claim were overlapped with other individuals who make the procedure of establishing native title difficult. Lengthy Process Even with the availability of legislative regulations, it is significantly difficult for Aboriginal peoples to claim their native title because the procedure is too long. According to Paroz and Waterfall (2017), on an average, a native title claim takes about six years to finalise, and sometimes it took decades. The prolonged process usually discourages the Indigenous peoples from claiming their native title. Future of Native Title The Mabo case assisted in the establishment of native title rights for Aboriginal peoples, but there is still a requirement for better policies regarding native titles. As per Wetherall (2013), there are several shortcomings in current regulation such as lengthy procedure, bias proceedings, financial condition and overlapping or group titles. The government is required to analyse the situation for the establishment of improved rules for native titles, such as shorter procedure, fewer formalities, unbiased decision and financial assistance to needy communities. For now, the future of native title is uncertain because of lack of better regulations; it is critical to resolve these issues for the protection of Aboriginal peoples rights (Mara 2014). Conclusion In conclusion, the Mabo case has significant influence over the recognition of native title regulations in Australian legislative system. Due to the Mabo decision, the Native Act 1993 was passed which recognise the rights of Indigenous peoples. But, most of the Aboriginal people are not being able to enjoy their rights due to the various shortcoming of the law. The drawbacks of legislation include lengthy processes, the financial condition of communities, biased judgements and a significant number of formalities. For better implementation of native titles, it is necessary that government evaluate the situation and establish improved regulations, until then the future of native title is uncertain. References Bauman, T. and Glick, L. eds., 2012.The limits of change: Mabo and native title 20 years on. AIATSIS Research Publications. Boyle, P., 2014. Aboriginal disadvantage worsens.Green Left Weekly, (1034), p.3. Brigg, M., Quiggin, J. and Lyons, K., 2017. Indigenous people say no to Adani.Green Left Weekly, (1142), p.10. Council, K.L., Council, R.V., Council, G.I.S.S. and Council, T.S., 2015. What is Native Title?. Keenan, S., 2014. Moments of decolonization: Indigenous Australia in the here and now.Canadian Journal of Law Society/La Revue Canadienne Droit et Socit,29(2), pp.163-180. Korff, J., 2017. Native title issues problems. Creative Spirits. Retrieved from https://www.creativespirits.info/aboriginalculture/land/native-title-issues-problems Loos, N. and Mabo, E.K., 2013.Eddie Koiki Mabo: His Life and Struggle for Land Rights. Univ. of Queensland Press. Mara, D., 2014. Future of Indigenous land rights under native title uncertain. SBS. Retrieved from https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2014/02/08/future-indigenous-land-rights-under-native-title-uncertain OkaforIgwe, K., 2009. Mabo v Queensland (no 2) Hca 23; (1992) 175 Clr 1 (3 June 1992). MikeAdkins. Retrieved from https://www.mikeadkins.com/article/mabo-v-queensland-no-2-hca-23-1992-175-clr-1-3-june-1992/ Paroz, A. and Waterfall, R.C., 2017. Has change truly come, or is it coming still?.Agora,52(3), p.68. Storey, M., 2012. 20 Years after Mabo v Commonwealth.Alternative LJ,37, p.190. Strelein, L. and Tran, T., 2013. Building Indigenous Governance from Native Title: Moving away from Fitting in to Creating a Decolonized Space.Rev. Const. Stud.,18, p.19. Wetherall, C., 2013. The future of Native Title. The Age. Retrieved from https://www.theage.com.au/national/education/voice/the-future-of-native-title-20130902-2t0ns.html

Summary and Responce Essay Example

Summary and Responce Essay Who could possibly take any interest in someone who has spent their entire life in an asylum? This story portrays how the life of a young girl with little to no real life experiences living In an asylum is going to live a life of Interest. Daddy Long Legs a book by Jean Webster tells the story of Seraph Abbott whose life takes a drastic turn after learning that a mysterious benefactor referred to as Mr.. John Smith by Mrs.. Lappet. Mr.. Smith takes an unusual Interest In MISS. Abbots education. In the past, e has sent only male students to higher educations. In exchange for her education and monthly allowance, Seraph Abbott is required to write a letter every month, for which she will never expect a reply. Seraph grew up in an asylum where she was the oldest; meaning she had the responsibility of making sure the little ones were ready in the morning and ready for bed at night among many other chores. They were not fed the highest quality of food, and had to wear other peoples old clothes. She often got stared at school from the other girls whom had nice clothing. During one of the monthly visits from the trustees, Mrs.. We will write a custom essay sample on Summary and Responce specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Summary and Responce specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Summary and Responce specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Lappet informs Seraph that Mr.. John Smith who she later refers to as Daddy Long Legs Is a rich man has offered to be her benefactor for her college studies. He has heard from her former teachers and knows that she Is an excellent writer. This direct quote from when she Is Informed that Mr.. Smith wants to sent her to school to become a writer describes what Is expected from her. That is his wish. Whether anything will come of it, the future will show. He is giving you a very liberal allowance, almost, for a girl who has never had any experience in taking care of money, too liberal. But he planned the matter in detail, and I did not feel free to make any suggestions. You are to remain here through the summer, and Miss Pritchard has kindly offered to superintend your outfit. Your board and tuition will be paid directly to the college, and you will receive in addition during the four years you are there, an allowance of thirty-five dollars a month. This will enable you to enter on the same standing as the other students. The money will be sent to you by the gentlemans private secretary once a month, and in return, you will rite a letter of acknowledgment once a month. That Is?you are not to thank him for the money; he doesnt care to have that mentioned, but you are to write a letter telling of the progress in your studies and the details of your daily life. Just such a letter as you would write to your parents if they were living. (7) After enrolling in an all girls college on the east coast, one of the first things that Seraph does is change her name to Judy. She feels that by changing her name it will allow her to fit in better with her peers. Here is excerpt from one of the letters that she writes to Mr.. Smith describing her new living arrangements There are three other girls on the same floor of the tower?a Senior who wears spectacles and is always asking us please to be a little more quiet, and two Freshmen named Sallies McBride and Julia Rutledge Pendleton. Sallies has red hair and a turn-up nose and Is quite friendly; Julia comes from one of the first females In New York and hasnt noticed me yet. They room together and the Senior and I have singles. Usually Freshmen cant get singles; they re very scarce, but I got one without even asking. I suppose the registrar didnt think it would be right to ask a properly brought-up girl to room with a foundling. You see This first chapter was extraordinarily assembled where you become familiarized with how Caesuras current life has been impacted by the struggles of being brought up as an orphan in an asylum. In high school she was teased for the way she dressed. In college she was made fun of for not knowing famous authors and for not have read famous books, some as popular as The Little Women or Mother Goose. Everyone around her had grown up with a normal life. The differences in her upbringing versus those surrounding her was easy to hide. Seraph spent many hours reading books to educate herself and to make her life easier by allowing her to communicate with her peers. Im a foreigner in the world and I dont understand the language. Its a miserable feeling. Ive had it all my life. At the high school the girls would stand in groups and Just look at me. I was queer and different and everybody knew it. I could FEEL John Greer Home written on my face. (13) This book ay be a little outdated, but it is still an amiable novel. Thinking back to the beginning, it was sometimes grueling to follow the storyline. One of the difficulties in reading this was on how Judy sometimes wrote everyday multiple times a day to only monthly. This novel is worthwhile of the time it took to finish reading it. Anyone who enjoys getting caught up in such well rounded characters and viewing their lives through their own eyes will enjoy this book. Jean Webster created a wonderful piece of work describing in detail how this young lady learns more about herself as she grows up.

Internet friends real or fake Essays

Internet friends real or fake Essays Internet friends real or fake Essay Internet friends real or fake Essay Essay Topic: F for Fake What constitutes a real friendship? In this day and age many people have lots of friends with social media especially Facebook users. Can a friendship through social media replace a friend that you can touch and feel? People use social media websites to keep in touch or reconnect to past acquaintances and follow each others lives. People use social media sites such as facebook, myspace or instgram to keep in touch and follow each others lives. Before these sites or the internet people kept in touch with friends by visiting, calling and writing letters all of which require a real ffort to nurture a friendship. During those times if you werent close friends with someone they would eventually not be part of youre so called friends after sometime. Now you can keep in up with people who would have fallen out of your life before. Now with the click of a button or two you will be friends with anyone anywhere in the world. These friends can offer support in hard times and celebrate with someone when times are good. In Friends with Benefits by Kate Dailey she speaks of friends and how they can support you through social media. One thing that is addressed is Researchers have et to significantly study the social implications of Facebook (Dailey 219). The information provided goes over friends on Facebook and how they be of some support when someone suffers a loss or has something good happen. They might offer support or words of encouragement with a loss which can be helpful. If someone was to lose a Job, spouse, child or some other tragic incident then a person could offer words of encouragement or support. The question is can these online friends help and offer the same support as a friend there in person. Having someone ho can offer sincere condolences versus someone who sends a frowning face on a social media website. People usually like to interact with real people during hard times and those friends are people involved in each others lives. Friends that are wanted in our lives will be connected by more than a screen name. During a bad time of someones life they can be helped by many things such as words of encouragement, a shoulder to cry on or a good deed. Online friends can offer typed words of help or encouragement but nothing more really but flesh and blood friends can offer all of that plus the real human interaction. On the opposite side is support when theres good things happening in ones life like kids, Job and other accomplishments. When a goal is met or some other great event occurs in someones life online friends can be supportive with words or smiley faces. Before the internet we wouldnt see our acquaintances very often: every once in a while, we might show up at a wedding and suddenly have 100 of our closest friends around (Daly 219). Theres an endorphin release when people receive good news or words of encouragement but nothing can compare to the feeling for actual human to human contact. Flesh a blood friends can do more than send each other a message or post a comment on a page or picture. Many people gather with their friends and do things such as BBQs, dinners, birthday parties and even go on vacations together. Many friendships are built over time and through ups and downs they share together some over many years. Having online friends express well wishes some success. Looking at online friends one may amass hundreds of these friends but in reality people only have a few good friends according to Shelley E. Taylor, professor of psychology at the University of California, Los Angles (Dailey 219). By having so many so called friends some fell more important but most only keep in contact with a small number of their friends. Its impossible to have more than a few friends in anyones life as there isnt enough time to grow that many relationships. Many people seem to confuse friends and acquaintances in the realm of social media leading them to think they can count on everyone they correspond with on these sites. When you need help can you post on a something like Facebook and count on people outside of your core group of friend showing up to help? Its interesting at how many people use social edia Facebook attracted 67. million visitors in the U. S. in April (according to ComScore Inc. ), and the fastest-growing demographic is people over 35 (Dailey 219). This in itself is interesting but the reason for the old age of the growing population is the connecting with past acquaintances from our past. I did a survey of my friends list and asked why everyone was friends with the people they had chosen to be friends with on Facebook. Many answers were to reconnect with people they had lost contact with while others wanted to see if past relationships had moved up or gone down in their opinion. This part was shocking and funny that some would admit this and it seems many would use friends to check on ex-spouses or ex-lovers. The people with children use Facebook to keep track of their kids friends and families. Another interesting fact was the way military or veterans use Facebook to stay in contact with friends all around the world. One big positive benefit was how many grandparents use Facebook to keep up to date on what their grandchildren are doing which before the internet they waited for a phone call or a letter. Now they can see pictures the day the picture is taken and can essage them with no mail or long distance calls. Can Facebook friends provide the same as a flesh and blood friend? The simple answer is no but there are many variables that must be considered. During a hard time Posting personal experiences, no matter how painful, also allows acquaintances who have lived through similar experiences to reach out, either with information about support groups or Just an empathetic ear. The idea of sharing a commonality helps make it a little more bearable. Youre not alone, and there are others going through what you went through (Dailey 220). This shows that if you allow people to know things are going rough you well have people whoVe gone through similar situations support you and point you in the right direction. Another aspect is you can freely vent frustrations without someone feeling attacked. On the positive side you receive support whether youre dealing with a hard time or a great experience youVe had recently. People can express support or reassurance online but nothing replaces the warm feeling-or brain-boosting endorphins-that come from human-on-human contact, and you cant send someone a casserole through Facebook (Dailey 220). Nothing will ever replace a real friend that you can see and touch no matter what applications or emotions are added. People by nature need to be around others and spend time with people who know us down to the core. Some may have hundreds of you are more involved than an online friend that may Just be there to wish you well, say happy birthday because Facebook told them it was your birthday and to give some condolences. A real friend will come sit and listen during a tough phase, bring you food to eat when youre sick or come to see the new baby you Just had at the ospital. Real friends you can call in the middle of the night for anything and theyll be there to help you were a online friend might send you a message or comment in a few days or weeks. Humans speak more in actions than they do with words and the majority of our communication is nonverbal than it is actual verbal communication. Cited Work Dailey, Kate. Friends with Benefits: Do Facebook Friends Provide the Same Support as Those in Real Life. Writing Today. Ed. Richard Johnson-Sheehan and Charles Paine. Upper Saddle River: Pearson, 2010. 218-221. Print

Managed investment scheme Essays

Managed investment scheme Essays Managed investment scheme Essay Managed investment scheme Essay In Australia, investor can choose from a wide vvariety of investments which include managed investment schemes (MIS) and direct investment which consist of shares, debt and hybrid securities. Each investment scheme will a set of corporation act to protect its investor, as it is important to make iinvestors feel confident and secure. Iinvestors can choose the types of investments to invest in depending on their personal traits and ambition as the different investment contains different characteristic. We will dive in more on MIS, direct investment and hybrid investment together with each of their advantages and disadvantages next. Managed investment schemes Manage investment schemes, otherwise known as collective investment schemes, are schemes in which funds are gather from different investor to invest in a common investment, usually a high risk investment that deals with huge amount of money. Under s 9 of the corporation act 2001, a manage investment schemes consist of three elements. Investor contributes money or moneys worth, theres a generation or intended generation of a financial return or benefit and the investor do not have day- to-day control over the use of the money. Under s 601 EA(4) states that a registered MIS requires to have a responsible entity (RE) which would be responsible for any losses or damages from violating Ch 5c. The RE is also a trustee of the scheme. The RE also have to fulfil his duties, under the s 601 FC (1), he must act honestly, exercise a degree of care and diligence, act in the best interest of the members, treat all members equally and he cant make use of information gathered as RE to gain improper advantage or cause detriment to members. Under s 601 MB, Contracts is considered as voidable at the option of the investor if the MIS is found guilty of violating any of the act. The advantage of MIS is that the investment will be undertaking by a professional investment manager which could offer a better returns and risk management because of his experience and knowledge. Moreover, it can help reduce risk by diversification, it works by investing in different company, usually companies that has a negative co-relation, reducing losses if the price of one company drop. Another benefit is that it the cost is shared among the other investor. The disadvantages of MIS is the loss of owners rights, allocation and uses of funds will be determine by the fund manager. Although MIS is a very lucrative piece of investment, the amount of returns will be reduce because of the cost of the fund manager, normally they will expect a ppercentage of returns from the overall earnings. Debt financing Debt financing is a type of tool companies used to raise capital through borrowing. Creditors are entitled to fixed interest pay out and will be able to get back the invested amount at the maturity date. Debt financing are usually considered as a stable and low risk investment thus the return are lower than the others. Debt financing consist of bank finance, trade finance, debentures and private debt. Debentures is the rights to enforce a companys undertaking to repay the debt owe as stated in s 9 or the corporation act. Section 124 of the Corporations act 2001 allow companies to issue debentures and to borrow through the use of the debentures. Deoentures can De rea011y transTer ana can De llstea on tne Australlan stock exchange (ASX). The advantage of the form of investment is that the interest pay-out is fixed and the investor will be able to get back the amount invested at the predetermined maturity date. Lenders are place ahead of equity holder in the event of liquidation. The downside to this is that there wont be any growth on the principle of loan because it is fixed. Unlike equity holders, creditors cant get involve in the day to day operation of the company or vote. Equity Equity financing is one of the ways a company can use to raise money through the sales of shares. Shares consist of ordinary shares and preference shares. By buying the shares of a company, investor will also gain owinership of company, the size of the owinership will depend on the amount of shares one held. Under section 124 of the corporation act 2001, any of the company will be able to issue shares but only a ublic company will be able to offer its shares to the public. Disclosure document such as the prospectus, profile statement and offer information statement are required under chapter 6d of the corporation act. The prospectus offers protection to the investor who wish to purchase shares from a company by disclosing all information. The benefits of investing in shares is the ability to collect dividends, dividends will be decided by how much the company has made. Another major benefits is the ability to make capital gain by selling shares, because shares are known to be volatile, prices may move up and down at any time, capital gain can be ade if shares is sold when it is rising. The negative side of investing in shares is that it is risky. Shares prices might crash and investor would suffer losses. Furthermore, equity holders are ranked before bond holders when the company goes into liquidation, shares holder may or may not be able to get their money back. Hybrid securities Hybrid securities are a form of securities that combines debt and equity instruments. The most common form of hybrids is convertible bonds. Convertible bonds allows the owner to convert bonds into shares at todays price. The main advantages is that it as a fixed interest repayment like a bond, iinvestors can also choose to convert it to a shares if the company is doing well. Making a profit from the dividend or by capital gain. The downside is that it has a low interest pay out as compared toa bond and it is ranked after bonds holder in the event of liquidation. I would invest the $10 000 into government bonds. Government bonds are consider as one of the safest investment and it will be logical to invest in it as I wanted income first and growth second. Besides, I would be able to collect the interest pay out and the invested amount at the maturity date.

Game theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Game theory - Essay Example Game theory is used to understand competitive situations. These are normally those scenarios in which the chances of a certain outcome largely depend on parties involved and also on a bit of chance. Consequently, the theory focuses on predicting what these respective players will do and hence the most appropriate alternative is chosen by the analyst. There is a particular mathematician who was responsible for this theory and was known as John Von Neumann. (Miller, 2003) Through his work in the mid twentieth century, the expert was able to spearhead several divisions in this interesting theory. Some of the divisions include In the 2-person versus n-person division, the 2-Person approach largely focuses on the choices available to two players and how to bring out optimum outcomes. On the other hand, in the n - person division, great attention is given to the occurrences and coalitions that are likely to come out of prevailing circumstances. Then again the cooperative division of the game theory largely dwells on choices that are available to parties who have been bound by certain agreements. In uncooperative game theory, parties may find themselves obliged to one another because of the negative outcomes that may emanate out of their choices. Lastly, in the Zero sum scenario, players are likely to loose everything when the other party gains something. On the other hand, in the non zero sum, a player can gain something and still room for his or her opponent to gain it too. Despite all these branches, there are certain common characteristics that make the game theory what it is today. These can be summarized under the following three criterions Extensive or game tree form Normal or strategic matrix Characteristic function All forms of the game theory usually indicate the sequences or patterns of choices available to players and their chances of occurrences. The latter part largely depends upon a device and is usually backed up by some pay offs that are likely to occur after the end of a pattern of choices. The second aspect that makes the game theory what it is the normal, strategic or pay-off matrix. In this kind of approach, one is supposed to look though a series of avenues available to other players in the competition or event. Intersections of these avenues reflect the payoffs granted to a particular player doing the analysis. Additionally, the characteristic function is that possible coalitions that a particular player can ensure for another player regardless of what others end up doing in the process. (Osborne, 2004) Criticisms of the game theory in understanding economic factors or strategic behaviour of firms The most important thing to note in the game theory is the fact that players involved within a certain scenario are rational. It is also assumed that these players have well defined gaols that have been ranked from most important to least important. Besides these, the game theory is founded upon the fact that all decisions that are being made by certain individuals can be attached to a particular value and that players always tend